Interpreting the effects of small uncharged solutes on protein-folding equilibria

Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure
P R Davis-SearlesGary J Pielak

Abstract

Proteins are designed to function in environments crowded by cosolutes, but most studies of protein equilibria are conducted in dilute solution. While there is no doubt that crowding changes protein equilibria, interpretations of the changes remain controversial. This review combines experimental observations on the effect of small uncharged cosolutes (mostly sugars) on protein stability with a discussion of the thermodynamics of cosolute-induced nonideality and critical assessments of the most commonly applied interpretations. Despite the controversy surrounding the most appropriate manner for interpreting these effects of thermodynamic nonideality arising from the presence of small cosolutes, experimental advantage may still be taken of the ability of the cosolute effect to promote not only protein stabilization but also protein self-association and complex formation between dissimilar reactants. This phenomenon clearly has potential ramifications in the cell, where the crowded environment could well induce the same effects.

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GM54136

Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stress
isothermal titration
circular dichroism
light-scattering
equilibrium dialysis
protein-folding
X-ray

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