Interstitial cells of the heart valves possess characteristics similar to smooth muscle cells

Circulation Research
D A FilipM Simionescu

Abstract

Interstitial cells of heart atrioventricular and sigmoid valves were examined in several laboratory animals (rabbit, hamster, rat, and mouse) and in humans. These cells constitute a large fraction of the total cell population of the valve; in mouse atrioventricular valves, they amount to approximately 30% of the volumetric density. By their ultrastructural features and functional properties, valvular interstitial cells are intermediate between fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. Like fibroblasts, valvular interstitial cells lack a basal lamina establishing direct and extensive contacts with collagen fibers, elastin microfibrils, and proteoglycans of the matrix. The cells have numerous slender and long processes, connected to one another, forming a complex cellular framework spanning the entire valve. Similar to smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells are extensively coupled by communicating junctions as shown by thin sections, freeze-fracture, lanthanum staining, and carboxyfluorescein microinjection. The cells contain numerous bundles of actin filaments, which are decorated by the S1 fragment of heavy meromyosin. Valvular interstitial cells also express cyclic guanosine-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase...Continue Reading

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