Interstitial lung disease associated with azacitidine use: a case report

American Journal of Therapeutics
Arunabh SekhriDhana R Selvaraj

Abstract

Azacitidine is a pyrimidine nucleoside analog licensed for treatment of adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome. Azacitidine acts as an inducer of cell differentiation by causing demethylation and re-expression of genes silenced by hypermethylation. We report a 56-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome who developed interstitial lung disease after azacitidine therapy. Open lung biopsy revealed a nonresolving organizing pneumonia pattern and bronchocentric granulomatous pattern suggestive of drug-induced lung injury. Treatment with steroids and discontinuation of azacitidine led to resolution of interstitial lung disease. The Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale score indicated that the association between azacitidine and interstitial lung disease was probable. Interstitial lung disease is a serious but uncommon side effect of this relatively safe drug. The mechanism underlying this is still unclear. The patient was subsequently treated with decitabine with no recurrence of interstitial lung disease.

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Citations

Jun 3, 2014·Internal Medicine·Junya KurodaMasafumi Taniwaki
Jan 23, 2016·Journal of Medical Case Reports·Yanal AlnimerKamal Alrabi
Apr 19, 2017·The Journal of International Medical Research·Shinichi MakitaKensei Tobinai
Aug 4, 2018·American Journal of Therapeutics·Satoko OkaMasaharu Nohgawa
Sep 16, 2015·American Journal of Therapeutics·Benjamin VerriereDaniel Re
Feb 22, 2017·Drug Safety - Case Reports·Srimanta Chandra MisraValentina Guarino
Oct 31, 2020·BMJ Case Reports·Paul NguyenAyman Soubani

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