Intracellular Trafficking of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds and Regulation of Their Cellular Toxicity

ACS Omega
Neeraj PrabhakarJessica M Rosenholm

Abstract

In this paper, cellular management of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) has been studied for better understanding in the design for potential applications of FNDs in biomedicine. The FNDs have shown to be photostable probes for bioimaging and thus are well-suited, for example, long-term tracking purposes. The FNDs also exhibit good biocompatibility and, in general, low toxicity for cell labeling. To demonstrate the underlying mechanism of cells coping the low but potentially toxic effects by nondegradable FNDs, we have studied their temporal intracellular trafficking. The FNDs were observed to be localized as distinct populations inside cells in early endosomes, lysosomes, and in proximity to the plasma membrane. The localization of FNDs in early endosomes suggests the internalization of FNDs, and lysosomal localization, in turn, can be interpreted as a prestate for exocytosis via lysosomal degradation pathway. The endocytosis and exocytosis appear to be occurring simultaneously in our observations. The mechanism of continuous endocytosis and exocytosis of FNDs could be necessary for cells to maintain normal proliferation. Furthermore, 120 h cell growth assay was performed to verify the long-term biocompatibility of FNDs for cell...Continue Reading

References

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Jan 29, 2016·Biomedical Optics Express·Gregoire Laporte, Demetri Psaltis

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Citations

Jun 20, 2019·Small·Marco D TorelliOlga A Shenderova
Feb 11, 2020·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology·Haydar AliNikhil R Jana
Aug 31, 2019·Micromachines·Honggui LinXuexia Lin
May 21, 2018·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Kerem BrayOlga Shimoni
May 10, 2018·Methods and Applications in Fluorescence·Nicholas NunnOlga Shenderova
Dec 17, 2020·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Neeraj PrabhakarJessica M Rosenholm
May 10, 2019·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects·Daiki TeradaMasahiro Shirakawa
Aug 8, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Katarzyna Lisik, Anita Krokosz
Nov 30, 2021·Analytical Chemistry·Aldona MzykRomana Schirhagl

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
fluorescence microscopy

Software Mentioned

LASAF
Leica

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