Intraislet hyperinsulinemia prevents the glucagon response to hypoglycemia despite an intact autonomic response

Diabetes
Salomon BanarerP E Cryer

Abstract

Because absence of the glucagon response to falling plasma glucose concentrations plays a key role in the pathogenesis of iatrogenic hypoglycemia in patients with insulin-deficient diabetes and the mechanism of this defect is unknown, and given evidence in experimental animals that a decrease in intraislet insulin is a signal to increased glucagon secretion, we examined the role of endogenous insulin in the physiological glucagon response to hypoglycemia. We tested the hypothesis that intraislet hyperinsulinemia prevents the glucagon response to hypoglycemia despite an intact autonomic-adrenomedullary, sympathetic neural, and parasympathetic neural-response and a low alpha-cell glucose concentration. Twelve healthy young adults were studied on three separate occasions. Insulin was infused in hourly steps in relatively low doses (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, and 6.0 pmol.kg(-1).min(-1)) from 60 through 300 min on all three occasions. Plasma glucose levels were clamped at euglycemia ( approximately 5.0 mmol/l, approximately 90 mg/dl) on one occasion and at hourly steps of approximately 4.7, 4.2, 3.6, and 3.0 mmol/l ( approximately 85, 75, 65, and 55 mg/dl) from 60 through 300 min on the other two occasions. On one of the latter occasions, the ...Continue Reading

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