Intranasal and epicutaneous administration of Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists provides protection against influenza A virus-induced morbidity in mice

Scientific Reports
Eunice E ToStavros Selemidis

Abstract

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a pattern recognition receptor that recognizes viral RNA following endocytosis of the virus and initiates a powerful immune response characterized by Type I IFN production and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Despite this immune response, the virus causes very significant pathology, which may be inflammation-dependent. In the present study, we examined the effect of intranasal delivery of the TLR7 agonist, imiquimod or its topical formulation Aldara, on the inflammation and pathogenesis caused by IAV infection. In mice, daily intranasal delivery of imiquimod prevented peak viral replication, bodyweight loss, airway and pulmonary inflammation, and lung neutrophils. Imiquimod treatment also resulted in a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory neutrophil chemotactic cytokines and prevented the increase in viral-induced lung dysfunction. Various antibody isotypes (IgG1, IgG2a, total IgG, IgE and IgM), which were increased in the BALF following influenza A virus infection, were further increased with imiquimod. While epicutaneous application of Aldara had a significant effect on body weight, it did not reduce neutrophil and eosinophil airway infiltration; indicating less effective drug delivery...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 21, 2019·Current Allergy and Asthma Reports·Kim S LeMessurier, Amali E Samarasinghe
Jul 25, 2020·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·Caspar I van der MadeAlexander Hoischen
Apr 17, 2020·Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics·Deepender KaushikNikolai Petrovsky
Jan 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Laura Kate GadanecVasso Apostolopoulos
Aug 18, 2021·Molecular Aspects of Medicine·Amrita KumarSuryaprakash Sambhara

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
Bronchoalveolar
PCR
light microscopy
bronchoalveolar lavage
ELISA
antibody assay

Software Mentioned

Graphpad Prism

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