Intranasal and intramuscular proteosome-staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) toxoid vaccines: immunogenicity and efficacy against lethal SEB intoxication in mice.
Abstract
Intranasal or intramuscular (i.m.) immunization of mice and i.m. immunization of rabbits with formalinized staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) toxoid in saline elicited higher anti-SEB serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers when the toxoid was formulated with proteosomes. In addition, intranasal immunization of mice with this proteosome-toxoid vaccine elicited high levels of anti-SEB IgA in lung and intestinal secretions, whereas the toxoid without proteosomes did not. Two i.m. immunizations with proteosome-toxoid plus alum also induced higher murine serum responses than alum-adjuvanted toxoid without proteosomes. Furthermore, proteosome-toxoid delivered intranasally in saline or i.m. with either saline or alum afforded significant protection against lethal SEB challenge in two D-galactosamine-sensitized murine models of SEB intoxication, i.e., the previously described i.m. challenge model and a new respiratory challenge model of mucosal SEB exposure. Efficacy correlated with the induction of high serum levels of anti-SEB IgG. In contrast, intranasal or i.m. immunization with toxoid in saline without proteosomes was not significantly protective in either challenge model. Proteosome-toxoid plus alum given i.m. also elicited more sig...Continue Reading
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