Intratumoral immune cell infiltrates, FoxP3, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in patients with melanoma undergoing CTLA4 blockade

Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research
Antoni RibasAlistair J Cochran

Abstract

CTL-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4)-blocking monoclonal antibodies induce long-term regression of metastatic melanoma in some patients, but the exact mechanism is unknown. In this study, biopsies of selected accessible tumor lesions from patients treated with tremelimumab were examined to further elucidate the mechanism of its antitumor activity. Fifteen tumor biopsies from 7 patients who had been treated with tremelimumab (CP-675,206) were collected. Samples were analyzed for melanoma markers, immune cell subset markers, the presence of the T regulatory-specific transcription factor FoxP3 and the immunosuppressive enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO). Clinically responding lesions had diffuse intratumoral infiltrates of CD8(+) T cells that were markedly increased in cases where comparison with a baseline biopsy was available. Nonregressing lesions had sparse, patchy CD8(+) intratumoral infiltrates. Patients with regressing lesions had an increased frequency of CD8(+) cells with or without a concomitant increase in CD4(+) cells. Two of 3 responding patients with paired samples showed a slight increase in the number of FoxP3(+) cells in the postdosing biopsies. In patients with regressing lesions who had paired samples, the int...Continue Reading

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