Abstract
An intravascular catheter was developed to identify inflammation in coronary atheroma. Inflammation in atheroma is associated with large numbers of macrophages. These cells have increased metabolism, increased expression of chemotactic receptors, and a high frequency of apoptosis-associated phosphatidylserine expression. Each of these parameters can be identified in vivo using specific radiolabeled agents: metabolism can be identified with 18F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), receptor expression with 99mTc monocyte chemotactic peptide-1, and apoptosis with 99mTc annexin V. The locally increased concentration of these tracers is readily demonstrable in experimental lesions by ex vivo autoradiography; however, the small lesion size makes it difficult to identify atheroma in the coronaries with conventional imaging equipment. In contrast, with a radiation-sensitive catheter, optimized to sense charged particle rather than gamma or x-radiation, specific lesions could be identified and localized. Charged particle radiation is emitted as a byproduct of nearly all radioactive decay but is typically most abundant in radionuclides that decay by beta emission (either positrons or negatrons). Prototype catheters, using a plastic scintillator mat...Continue Reading
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