Introgression of exotic Cervus (nippon and canadensis ) into red deer (Cervus elaphus ) populations in Scotland and the English Lake District

Ecology and Evolution
Stephanie L SmithJosephine M Pemberton

Abstract

Since the mid-19th century, multiple introductions of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon nippon) and North American wapiti (C. canadensis) have taken place in the British Isles. While wapiti have generally been unsuccessful, sika have been very successful, especially in Scotland where they now overlap at least 40% of the range of native red deer (C. elaphus). Hybridization between these two species and red deer has been demonstrated in captivity and in the wild. Using a panel of 22 microsatellite loci that are highly diagnostic between red deer and sika, and moderately diagnostic between red deer and wapiti, we investigated the extent of introgression between these species in 2,943 deer sampled from around Scotland and from the English Lake District using the Bayesian clustering software STRUCTURE. We also used a diagnostic mitochondrial marker for red deer and sika. Our survey extends previous studies indicating little introgression of wapiti nuclear alleles into red deer, in particular in Northern Scotland, Kintyre, and the Lake District. We found a new area of extensive sika introgression in South Kintyre. In the North Highlands, we show for the first time geographically scattered evidence of past hybridization followed by ex...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Feb 28, 2021·Molecular Ecology·S Eryn McFarlaneJosephine M Pemberton
Jul 3, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Lenka Štohlová PutnováKateřina Svobodová

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
three hybrids
one hybrid
one

Software Mentioned

distruct
STRUCTURE
GeneMapper

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