Investigating the effect of endocranial volume on cranial shape in platyrrhines and the relevance of this relationship to interpretations of the fossil record

American Journal of Physical Anthropology
Lauren Halenar-Price, Melissa Tallman

Abstract

Fossils have been linked to Alouatta based on shared cranial morphology and small brain size. However, the relationship between endocranial volume and cranial shape is unclear; it is possible that any platyrrhine with a small brain may exhibit "Alouatta-like" features due to being "de-encephalized." We test two hypotheses: (a) there are aspects of cranial shape related to encephalization common to all platyrrhines; (b) it is these cranial traits that unite the small-brained "Alouatta-like" fossils. Three-dimensional cranial shape and endocranial volume (ECV) were measured on 350+ extant platyrrhine crania, Cartelles, Paralouatta, and Antillothrix. Encephalization quotient (EQ) was calculated using regressions of ECV on cranial centroid size. Multivariate regressions were performed using the shape coordinates and EQ and shape changes associated with EQ were visualized. Cranial shape was predicted for a hypothetical primate with an EQ matching the fossils and this shape was compared to the Alouatta mean. There is a significant proportion of cranial shape variation explained by EQ in some taxa. The aspects of shape that are correlated with EQ are shared by several taxa and some have parallel regression vectors, but there is no ove...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 12, 2019·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Leandro AristideS Ivan Perez

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