Involvement of brain catecholamines and acetylcholine in growth hormone hypersecretory states. Pathophysiological, diagnostic and therapeutic implications

Drugs
E E MüllerF Camanni

Abstract

Secretion of growth hormone (GH) is excessive in acromegaly, but also in a number of other pathological states such as anorexia nervosa, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), liver cirrhosis, depression, renal failure and GH-insensitivity syndrome. Abnormalities in the neuroendocrine control of GH secretion and/or a state of insensitivity to GH contribute to hypersecretion of GH in these states, with the possible exception of acromegaly, which appears to be a primary pituitary disease. GH hypersecretion may also occur in neonates or adolescents with tall stature, thus reflecting particular physiological or paraphysiological conditions. In the cohort of brain neurotransmitters, catecholamines and acetylcholine reportedly play a major role in the control of neurosecretory GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SS)-producing neurons, and hence GH secretion. Activation of alpha 2-adrenoceptors or of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hypothalamus stimulates GH release, probably through stimulation of GHRH and inhibition of SS release, respectively. Activation of dopamine receptors likewise stimulates GH release, while activation of beta-receptors inhibits GH release through stimulation of hypothalamic SS function....Continue Reading

Citations

Mar 1, 1997·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·G Gillies
Aug 23, 2002·Behavioural Brain Research·Gilberto GerraFrancesca Brambilla
Mar 7, 2001·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters·R Bänteli, B Ernst
Sep 1, 2014·Neurobiology of Disease·I I Stoyanova
Jan 1, 1997·European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society·G C KorenkeF Hanefeld
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Jul 25, 2007·Eating and Weight Disorders : EWD·L GianottiE Arvat

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