Involvement of exosomes in dopaminergic neurodegeneration by microglial activation in midbrain slice cultures

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Reiho TsutsumiHiroshi Katsuki

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Microglial activation is frequently observed in the brains of patients with PD and animal models. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment triggers microglial activation and the reduction of dopamine neurons in midbrain slice cultures. We have previously reported that nitric oxide (NO) is mainly involved in this dopaminergic degeneration. However, this degeneration was not completely suppressed by the inhibition of NO synthesis, suggesting that factors other than NO also contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of 40-200 nm that contain various proteins and micro RNAs and are regarded as a novel factor that mediates cell-to-cell interactions. Previous studies have demonstrated that exosome release is enhanced by microglial stimulation and that microglia-derived exosomes increases neuronal apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether exosomes are involved in dopaminergic neurodegeneration triggered by microglial activation in midbrain slice cultures. IFN-γ/LPS treatment to the midbrain slice cultures a...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 8, 2019·Molecular Neurobiology·Helena XicoyGerard J M Martens
Jun 25, 2020·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Bianca MarchettiNunzio Iraci
Jul 19, 2020·Reviews in the Neurosciences·Ge WangMujun Liu
Sep 24, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Pavle AndjusBarbara Zavan
Jun 13, 2020·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Liuna YangJialong Chen
Apr 24, 2020·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Elena Paredes-RodriguezCristina Miguelez
Feb 4, 2021·The Neuroscientist : a Review Journal Bringing Neurobiology, Neurology and Psychiatry·Maria IzcoLydia Alvarez-Erviti
May 16, 2021·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Viridiane GratpainAnne des Rieux
Jun 3, 2021·Biomolecules·Inês Dinis AiresAna Raquel Santiago
Nov 10, 2021·Experimental Neurology·Alexander R GallLauren L Jantzie

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