Iodine deficiency during pregnancy: a national cross-sectional survey in Latvia

Public Health Nutrition
Ilze KonradeMaija Dambrova

Abstract

Low iodine intake during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunction, which results in inadequate fetal brain development. In the absence of a universal salt iodization programme, we conducted a nationwide survey of iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia. A countrywide twenty-cluster survey, with at least twenty women per cluster. Participants completed a questionnaire on dietary habits concerning iodine intake (n 739). Thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and thyroperoxidase antibodies) was measured (n 550). Urinary iodine was measured using the ammonium persulfate method (n 696). The survey was performed in all regions of Latvia during the spring and autumn seasons in 2013. Pregnant women (n 829). The median creatinine (Cr)-standardized urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 80·8 (interquartile range (IQR) 46·1-130·6) µg/g Cr or 69·4 (IQR 53·9-92·6) µg/l during pregnancy, and 81% of pregnant women had UIC levels below the WHO recommended range of 150-250 µg/g Cr. The UIC was lowest during the first trimester of pregnancy, 56·0 (IQR 36·4-100·6) µg/g Cr, reaching higher concentrations of 87·5 (IQR 46·4-141·7) µg/g Cr and 86·9 (IQR 53·8-140·6) µg/g Cr in the second and third trimesters, respectively. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 7, 2017·Thyroid : Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association·Erik K AlexanderScott Sullivan
Sep 16, 2018·Biological Trace Element Research·Wei ZhaoCheng Han
Jul 9, 2020·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Freddy J K TolozaSpyridoula Maraka
Apr 10, 2021·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Ye BuYing Liu
Nov 21, 2021·Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics : the Official Journal of the British Dietetic Association·Zhengyuan WangJiajie Zang

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