Ion Homeostasis in Rhythmogenesis: The Interplay Between Neurons and Astroglia

Physiology
Aklesso KadalaArlette Kolta

Abstract

Proper function of all excitable cells depends on ion homeostasis. Nowhere is this more critical than in the brain where the extracellular concentration of some ions determines neurons' firing pattern and ability to encode information. Several neuronal functions depend on the ability of neurons to change their firing pattern to a rhythmic bursting pattern, whereas, in some circuits, rhythmic firing is, on the contrary, associated to pathologies like epilepsy or Parkinson's disease. In this review, we focus on the four main ions known to fluctuate during rhythmic firing: calcium, potassium, sodium, and chloride. We discuss the synergistic interactions between these elements to promote an oscillatory activity. We also review evidence supporting an important role for astrocytes in the homeostasis of each of these ions and describe mechanisms by which astrocytes may regulate neuronal firing by altering their extracellular concentrations. A particular emphasis is put on the mechanisms underlying rhythmogenesis in the circuit forming the central pattern generator (CPG) for mastication and other CPG systems. Finally, we discuss how an impairment in the ability of glial cells to maintain such homeostasis may result in pathologies like ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 14, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Mohammed Slaoui HasnaouiArlette Kolta
Jun 29, 2018·Scientific Reports·Javier Lucas-RomeroJose A Lopez-Garcia
Dec 12, 2019·Neural Regeneration Research·Fushun WangJason H Huang
Jul 18, 2018·Molecular Neurobiology·Sufyan Ashhad, Rishikesh Narayanan
Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Rebecca StevensonYossi Buskila
Apr 13, 2021·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Ali CalimMuhammet Uzuntarla
Apr 25, 2021·Progress in Neurobiology·Matthew J Broadhead, Gareth B Miles
Sep 25, 2021·Physiological Reports·Alexia MontalantJean-François Perrier

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