Ionic homeostasis in brain conditioning

Frontiers in Neuroscience
O CuomoG Pignataro

Abstract

Most of the current focus on developing neuroprotective therapies is aimed at preventing neuronal death. However, these approaches have not been successful despite many years of clinical trials mainly because the numerous side effects observed in humans and absent in animals used at preclinical level. Recently, the research in this field aims to overcome this problem by developing strategies which induce, mimic, or boost endogenous protective responses and thus do not interfere with physiological neurotransmission. Preconditioning is a protective strategy in which a subliminal stimulus is applied before a subsequent harmful stimulus, thus inducing a state of tolerance in which the injury inflicted by the challenge is mitigated. Tolerance may be observed in ischemia, seizure, and infection. Since it requires protein synthesis, it confers delayed and temporary neuroprotection, taking hours to develop, with a pick at 1-3 days. A new promising approach for neuroprotection derives from post-conditioning, in which neuroprotection is achieved by a modified reperfusion subsequent to a prolonged ischemic episode. Many pathways have been proposed as plausible mechanisms to explain the neuroprotection offered by preconditioning and post-c...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 4, 2016·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·Yui YamazakiShogo Tokuyama
Dec 3, 2016·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·Matthew NicholsGeorge S Robertson
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Feb 16, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Sung-Min HwangYong Ho Kim
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Aug 23, 2017·Neuroscience Letters·Emanuel E Strehler, Stanley A Thayer

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transgenic

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