Ionization mechanism of positive-ion direct analysis in real time: a transient microenvironment concept

Analytical Chemistry
Liguo SongJohn E Bartmess

Abstract

A transient microenvironment mechanism (TMEM) is proposed to address matrix effects for direct analysis in real time (DART). When the DART gas stream is in contact with the sample, a transient microenvironment (TME), which can shield analytes from direct ionization, may be generated through the desorption of the matrix containing the analyte. The DART gas stream can directly ionize the matrix molecules, but the analytes will be ionized primarily through gas-phase ion/molecule reactions with the matrix ions. Experimental results showed that as little as 10 nL of liquid or 10 microg of solid was able to generate an efficient TME. Generated TMEs were able to control the ionization of an analyte below an analyte-to-matrix ratio that was dependent on the DART temperature and the boiling points of the analyte and matrix. TMEs generated by common solvents were studied in detail. The ionization of both polar and nonpolar compounds, present in a solvent or another analyte below a ratio of 1:100, were found to be mainly controlled by the generated TMEs at a DART temperature of 300 degrees C.

References

May 18, 2004·Analytical Chemistry·Karl A HanoldJack A Syage
Apr 15, 2005·Analytical Chemistry·Robert B CodyH Dupont Durst
Apr 19, 2005·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Zoltán TakátsR Graham Cooks
Nov 22, 2005·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Jentaie ShieaJan Sunner
Aug 31, 2006·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Renato HaddadMarcos N Eberlin
Jan 16, 2007·Journal of Chromatography. a·Gertrud Morlock, Yoshihisa Ueda
Mar 10, 2007·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Olivier P Haefliger, Nicolas Jeckelmann
Jun 5, 2007·Analytical Chemistry·Chris PetucciBrian Musselman
Aug 31, 2007·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Na NaXinrong Zhang
Sep 7, 2007·Analytical Chemistry·Markus HaapalaRisto Kostiainen
Sep 27, 2007·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Anthony B Costa, R Graham Cooks
Oct 17, 2007·Biomedical Chromatography : BMC·Suchitra BanerjeeSunil K Chattopadhyay
Jan 22, 2008·Biomedical Chromatography : BMC·K P MadhusudananSunil K Chattopadhyay
Mar 19, 2008·Analytical Chemistry·Francisco J AndradeGary M Hieftje
May 14, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Joanne Y YewEdward A Kravitz
Aug 2, 2008·Journal of Mass Spectrometry : JMS·Gary J Van BerkelOlga Ovchinnikova
Sep 24, 2008·The Analyst·Glenn A HarrisFacundo M Fernandez

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 28, 2012·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Kaveh JorabchiJack Syage
Sep 17, 2013·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Jürgen H Gross
Apr 8, 2011·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Chang-Ching ChanAthula B Attygalle
Nov 30, 2011·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Jacob T ShelleyGary M Hieftje
Feb 12, 2013·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Robert B Cody, A John Dane
Jan 11, 2013·Chemical Reviews·María Eugenia MongeFacundo M Fernández
Jul 9, 2014·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Adam KaylorFacundo M Fernández
Jul 30, 2014·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Anastasia AlbertCarsten Engelhard
Jun 7, 2014·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Joel D KeelorFacundo M Fernández
Jul 6, 2014·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Joshua M SymondsThomas M Orlando
Feb 18, 2016·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Joel D KeelorFacundo M Fernández
May 31, 2011·Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine·Ganesan VaidyanathanBennett Chin
Sep 20, 2015·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·G Asher NewsomeKevin J Johnson
May 18, 2013·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Christina M Jones, Facundo M Fernández
Apr 15, 2011·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Andrew H Grange, G Wayne Sovocool
Nov 19, 2011·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·David S ChoLiguo Song
Oct 4, 2014·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Riikka-Marjaana RäsänenTiina J Kauppila
Sep 10, 2015·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Matthew CurtisFacundo M Fernández
Jul 15, 2015·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Hongmei YangShuying Liu
May 2, 2015·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Liya ZhangYiyang Dong
Jul 6, 2016·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Jan-Christoph WolfRenato Zenobi
Oct 21, 2016·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Andrew P StoreyGary M Hieftje
Apr 2, 2017·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Xiaoling ZangFacundo M Fernández
Feb 3, 2018·Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry·Liguo SongJohn E Bartmess
Aug 10, 2017·The Analyst·Chaevien S ClendinenFacundo M Fernández
Jun 28, 2018·Chemistry : a European Journal·Digvijay GahtoryHan Zuilhof
May 16, 2015·Mass Spectrometry Reviews·Tianyang GuoTianwei Tan
Feb 13, 2020·Mass Spectrometry Reviews·Scott A BordenPierangela Palma
Aug 21, 2019·Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry : RCM·Liguo SongJohn E Bartmess
Dec 20, 2012·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Radostina K ManovaTeris A van Beek
Jun 9, 2016·Mass Spectrometry Reviews·Matthew J PavlovichAdam B Hall

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.