Ionizing radiation effects on the tumor microenvironment

Seminars in Oncology
Luigi Portella, Stefania Scala

Abstract

The broad use of radiotherapy (RT) in the management of solid human tumors is based on its ability to damage cellular macromolecules, particularly the DNA, effectively inducing growth arrest and cell death locally in irradiated tumor cells. However, bystander effects, such as the transmission of lethal signals between cells via gap junctions or the production of diffusible cytotoxic mediators, can also contribute to the local antineoplastic action of RT. Traditionally, RT has been considered to exert immunosuppressive effects on the host. This idea largely stems from the radiosensitivity of quiescent lymphocytes and on the use of total body irradiation as part of myeloablative conditioning regimens preceding hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, the occurrence of the so-called "abscopal effect," where nonirradiated distant lesions display effects of RT response, suggests that RT may also induce tumor immunization. Several RT-induced effects on cancer, immune and stromal cells, contribute to the abscopal effect: (1) induction of "immunogenic cell death", with release of tumor-associated antigens, (2) alterations of cancer cell immunophenotype, and (3) modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Damage and death of...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 14, 2019·Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA·Mohammady AkborLiang-Ting Lin
Aug 18, 2020·Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine·Dale L BaileyClive Baldock
Dec 20, 2019·International Journal of Radiation Biology·Dietrich AverbeckLaure Sabatier
May 25, 2020·Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy : CII·Jacques RouanetPaul-Olivier Rouzaire
Feb 2, 2021·Frontiers in Medicine·Natalia JarzebskaPeter M Spieth
Jan 16, 2021·The Urologic Clinics of North America·Sujit S NairAshutosh K Tewari
May 7, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Xiaofeng XuJian Wu
Jun 12, 2021·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Luke MaggsSoldano Ferrone
Jul 13, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Jin-Zhi LaiQiu-Yu Zhang
Feb 17, 2020·NAR Cancer·Christian BaillyBruno Quesnel
Nov 5, 2021·Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy·Lidia GattoAlba Ariela Brandes

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Blood And Marrow Transplantation

The use of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or blood and marrow transplantation (bmt) is on the increase worldwide. BMT is used to replace damaged or destroyed bone marrow with healthy bone marrow stem cells. Here is the latest research on bone and marrow transplantation.

Allogenic & Autologous Therapies

Allogenic therapies are generated in large batches from unrelated donor tissues such as bone marrow. In contrast, autologous therapies are manufactures as a single lot from the patient being treated. Here is the latest research on allogenic and autologous therapies.

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer vaccines are vaccines that either treat existing cancer or prevent development of a cancer.

Related Papers

Radiation Oncology
Heike ScheithauerUdo S Gaipl
Oncoimmunology
Erika VacchelliLorenzo Galluzzi
Cancer radiothérapie : journal de la Société française de radiothérapie oncologique
S BockelF Mornex
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved