IQ and schizophrenia in a Swedish national sample: their causal relationship and the interaction of IQ with genetic risk

The American Journal of Psychiatry
K S KendlerK Sundquist

Abstract

The authors sought to clarify the relationship between IQ and subsequent risk for schizophrenia. IQ was assessed at ages 18-20 in 1,204,983 Swedish males born between 1951 and 1975. Schizophrenia was assessed by hospital diagnosis through 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to investigate future risk for schizophrenia in individuals as a function of their IQ score, and then stratified models using pairs of relatives were used to adjust for familial cluster. Finally, regression models were used to examine the interaction between IQ and genetic liability on risk for schizophrenia. IQ had a monotonic relationship with schizophrenia risk across the IQ range, with a mean increase in risk of 3.8% per 1-point decrease in IQ; this association was stronger in the lower than the higher IQ range. Co-relative control analyses showed a similar association between IQ and schizophrenia in the general population and in cousin, half-sibling, and full-sibling pairs. A robust interaction was seen between genetic liability to schizophrenia and IQ in predicting schizophrenia risk. Genetic susceptibility for schizophrenia had a much stronger impact on risk of illness for those with low than high intelligence. The IQ-genetic liability int...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 2, 2016·European Journal of Internal Medicine·Bengt ZöllerKristina Sundquist
Dec 19, 2015·Schizophrenia Bulletin·Leon HubbardStanley Zammit
Jul 13, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jonathan P Beauchamp
Jul 25, 2017·Psychological Medicine·J Mollon, A Reichenberg
Mar 15, 2018·Psychological Medicine·Pamela JacobsenPaul Chadwick
Apr 24, 2018·Journal of Neuropsychology·Margherita BechiRoberto Cavallaro
Oct 27, 2017·Nature Reviews. Neuroscience·Rebecca Birnbaum, Daniel R Weinberger
Sep 7, 2017·Circulation. Cardiovascular Genetics·Bengt ZöllerKristina Sundquist
Dec 17, 2019·The American Journal of Psychiatry·Dwight DickinsonKaren F Berman
May 20, 2020·Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS·Anja VaskinnKjetil Sundet
Sep 10, 2019·World Psychiatry : Official Journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA)·Josef ParnasJulie Nordgaard
Jan 25, 2019·Psychological Medicine·N E M Van HarenUNKNOWN Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis (GROUP) investigators
Apr 21, 2017·Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics·Pauline ChasteBernie Devlin
Feb 26, 2020·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·Neeltje E M van HarenManon H J Hillegers
Apr 23, 2021·Revista brasileira de psiquiatria : orgão oficial da Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, Asociación Psiquiátrica de la América Latina·Ramiro ReckziegelClarissa S Gama
Jun 1, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Muhammad JahangirXiao-Ping Wang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.