IRES Trans-Acting Factors, Key Actors of the Stress Response

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Anne-Claire GodetA C Prats

Abstract

The cellular stress response corresponds to the molecular changes that a cell undergoes in response to various environmental stimuli. It induces drastic changes in the regulation of gene expression at transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. Actually, translation is strongly affected with a blockade of the classical cap-dependent mechanism, whereas alternative mechanisms are activated to support the translation of specific mRNAs. A major mechanism involved in stress-activated translation is the internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-driven initiation. IRESs, first discovered in viral mRNAs, are present in cellular mRNAs coding for master regulators of cell responses, whose expression must be tightly controlled. IRESs allow the translation of these mRNAs in response to different stresses, including DNA damage, amino-acid starvation, hypoxia or endoplasmic reticulum stress, as well as to physiological stimuli such as cell differentiation or synapse network formation. Most IRESs are regulated by IRES trans-acting factor (ITAFs), exerting their action by at least nine different mechanisms. This review presents the history of viral and cellular IRES discovery as well as an update of the reported ITAFs regulating cellular mRNA tr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 2, 2019·Cancer Metastasis Reviews·Chamikara LiyanageJyotsna Batra
Nov 23, 2019·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA·Mariavittoria PizzingaAnne E Willis
Aug 13, 2020·Cells·Olga WawrzyniakKatarzyna Rolle
Apr 16, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Arnab Ghosh, Natalia Shcherbik
Nov 2, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Agata SwiatkowskaJerzy Ciesiołka
Aug 8, 2020·Molecular Cancer·Shuo MaShaoqing Ju
Jan 16, 2021·ELife·Daniel Sauter, Frank Kirchhoff
Nov 19, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Anne-Catherine PratsEric Lacazette
Feb 23, 2021·Frontiers in Oncology·Ying TangDa-Yong Zheng
May 26, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms·Aldo BarreraMarcelo López-Lastra
Jul 3, 2019·Biochimie·Leïla Halidou DialloEric Lacazette
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Guus Gijsbertus Hubert van den AkkerTim Johannes Maria Welting
Aug 10, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Jun WuHongyu Sun

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stresses
electron microscopy
ubiquitination
sumoylation
GTPase

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