Iron Age and Anglo-Saxon genomes from East England reveal British migration history

Nature Communications
Stephan SchiffelsRichard Durbin

Abstract

British population history has been shaped by a series of immigrations, including the early Anglo-Saxon migrations after 400 CE. It remains an open question how these events affected the genetic composition of the current British population. Here, we present whole-genome sequences from 10 individuals excavated close to Cambridge in the East of England, ranging from the late Iron Age to the middle Anglo-Saxon period. By analysing shared rare variants with hundreds of modern samples from Britain and Europe, we estimate that on average the contemporary East English population derives 38% of its ancestry from Anglo-Saxon migrations. We gain further insight with a new method, rarecoal, which infers population history and identifies fine-scale genetic ancestry from rare variants. Using rarecoal we find that the Anglo-Saxon samples are closely related to modern Dutch and Danish populations, while the Iron Age samples share ancestors with multiple Northern European populations including Britain.

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

samMarkDuplicates . py
bwa aln
verifyBamId
smartpca
rarecoal
mapDamage
EIGENSOFT
samtools
filterTrimFastq

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