Irritant actions of unphysiological pH values. A controlled procedure to test for topical irritancy

Agents and Actions
K BucherD Walz

Abstract

The abdominal skin of juvenile white mice was used. Topical application was accomplished by intracutaneous injection. The solutions tested were thoroughly standardized. By using a special buffer system, a mixture of histidine glutamate and lysine glutamate, each pH value could be tested with the same buffer capacity. The pH values varied from pH 3 to pH 11, the solutions being always iso-osmolalic with plasma. Two criteria were used to judge the irritancy: (a) the edematous reaction for the first 6 h and (b) the macroscopic aspect after 24 h. A very special procedure enabled us to obtain objective numerical values for criterion (a). The results disclose that irritation becomes manifest at pH 4 and pH 10, becomes clear-cut with pH 3 and even more so with pH 11, and depends strongly on the buffer capacity employed. With two substances-amidosulfuric acid and (tri) sodium phosphate--it was exemplified how the procedure could be used to routinely screen for topical irritancy in an informative, inexpensive and decent manner.

References

Jan 1, 1977·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·P ConquetB Plazonnet
Jan 1, 1971·American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry·F N Marzulli, M E Simon
Jun 17, 1961·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·W O FENN

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 1, 1981·Agents and Actions·K BucherD Walz
Feb 1, 1985·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·E Bosshard
Feb 1, 1985·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·C Gloxhuber, W Kästner
Feb 1, 1985·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·D Walz
Nov 22, 2005·Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery·Ingo AlbertiDario Norberto Carrara
Nov 1, 1990·Contact Dermatitis·J J HostynekH I Maibach
Nov 7, 2015·The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields·S BorowkaW Hollik
Jul 8, 2017·Science·Nir Bar-Gill, Alex Retzker
Jul 3, 2021·Pharmaceutics·Larissa Carine Pünnel, Dominique Jasmin Lunter

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
C Gloxhuber, W Kästner
Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
D Walz
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved