Is Clinical Anxiety a Risk or a Protective Factor for Executive Functioning in Youth with ADHD? A Meta-regression Analysis

Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review
Marija MaricSusan M Bögels

Abstract

Comorbidity rates between ADHD and anxiety disorders (AD) are high, but little is known about the nature of this co-occurrence. A dominant idea is that AD may intensify some (i.e., attention and working memory) and attenuate other (i.e., inhibition) ADHD symptoms. Results are mixed, potentially because of between-study differences. To investigate this further we performed a meta-regression analysis on 11 studies (n 'ADHD-only' = 695; n 'ADHD + AD' = 608), containing 35 effect sizes on attention, inhibition and working memory. Main results were: (1) no evidence of a negative effect of AD on attention and working memory; (2) better response inhibition in children with ADHD with AD than those with only ADHD (medium ES g = - .40); (3) medication moderated this association: the effect seemed limited to studies that included medication-naïve participants; (4) the difference between the two groups increased with age for attention and with proportion of boys for working memory ability. There was no effect of comorbid disruptive behavior disorder. In conclusion, AD seems to be a protective factor for inhibition problems as assessed with laboratory tasks in ADHD, especially in children who are medication naïve. Further, AD may have a pro...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 13, 2019·Journal of Attention Disorders·Nicoletta AdamoJonna Kuntsi
Mar 28, 2020·The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry·Renee Kleine DetersAndrea Dietrich
Mar 21, 2020·Brain Sciences·Anaïs FournierVéronique Parent
Jun 26, 2021·Journal of Attention Disorders·Elizabeth S M ChanMichael J Kofler

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