Is mapping the BCG vaccine-induced immune responses the key to improving the efficacy against tuberculosis?

Journal of Internal Medicine
R KuanC S Lindestam Arlehamn

Abstract

In recent years, the century-old Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) has been re-evaluated for its capacity to stem the global tide of TB. There is increasing evidence that the efficacy of BCG can be improved by the modified administration methods and schedules. Here, we first discuss recent approaches of vaccine administration, revaccination or boosting that have been used to try to improve the efficacy of BCG against TB. We then dive deeper into studies investigating the immune correlates of protection and describe studies that have investigated BCG-specific T-cell responses and the influence of environmental exposures. These studies all highlight that there is still a lot to learn about the immune response induced by BCG, both in terms of phenotype and specificity, which has been surprisingly understudied. We argue that several critical gaps in knowledge exist and must be addressed by future research to rationally improve the efficacy of BCG, including comprehensive, proteome-wide understanding of the epitopes derived from BCG recognized by BCG-vaccinated individuals, the phenotype of responding antigen-specific T cells and how previous exposure to environmental mycobacteria a...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 15, 2020·Journal of Internal Medicine·C Locht, M Lerm
Mar 23, 2021·Immunological Reviews·Jeffrey MorganCecilia S Lindestam Arlehamn
May 7, 2021·Immunological Reviews·Asma AhmedAnnapurna Vyakarnam

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