Is no praise good praise? Effects of positive feedback on children's and university students' responses to subsequent failures

The British Journal of Educational Psychology
Yvonne Skipper, Karen Douglas

Abstract

According to Dweck and colleagues, praise can be delivered using person ('you are clever') or process terms ('you worked hard'). Research suggests that giving people process praise after success can help them deal better with subsequent failures because it attributes outcomes to effort rather than fixed ability. However, research has thus far inadequately addressed how these types of praise compare to receiving no evaluative feedback. The aim of the present research was to examine the effects of person and process praise compared to a control group where only objective outcome feedback was given. In Study 1, 145 British school children aged 9-11 years took part. In Study 2, participants were 114 British university students. In both studies, participants read three scenarios and were asked to imagine themselves as the main character. In each scenario, they succeeded in an educational task and received either person, process, or no praise. Participants then read two scenarios, where they failed at a task. Following each scenario participants evaluated their performance, affect, and persistence. After one failure, participants who received person praise reacted most negatively on all dependent measures. However, those in the proce...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1980·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·C I Diener, C S Dweck
Dec 1, 1995·Child Development·K K Burhans, C S Dweck
Aug 1, 1998·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology·C M Mueller, C S Dweck
Sep 11, 2002·Psychological Bulletin·Jennifer Henderlong, Mark R Lepper
May 2, 2007·Psychological Science·Andrei CimpianCarol S Dweck

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Citations

Apr 8, 2015·The British Journal of Educational Psychology·Yvonne Skipper, Karen Douglas
Sep 15, 2017·Child Development·Kyla Haimovitz, Carol S Dweck
Feb 9, 2019·The British Journal of Educational Psychology·Yvonne Skipper, Karen M Douglas
Jun 19, 2019·The British Journal of Educational Psychology·Pamela C Sheffler, Cecilia S Cheung

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