Abstract
1. Primary aldosteronism is a syndrome consisting of hypertension, suppressed renin activity or concentration and high aldosterone levels in plasma or urine. The main steps in diagnosis are the determination of renin and aldosterone levels, the demonstration of renin-aldosterone dissociation and discrimination between idiopathic hyperplasia and Conn's adenoma, with only Conn's adenoma amenable to surgery. 2. Patients with resistant hypertension and/or hypokalaemia should be screened for primary aldosteronism with simple, redundant hormonal tests. The aldosterone to renin ratio is a logical initial screening test, a high ratio demonstrating renin-aldosterone dissociation. Criteria for a high ratio should be determined in each laboratory. 3. In patients with documented primary aldosteronism, computed tomography scan and adrenal vein sampling help to distinguish between idiopathic hyperplasia and Conn's adenoma. 4. Patients with low renin hypertension, idiopathic hyperplasia and Conn's adenoma have overlapping values for plasma concentrations of potassium, renin and aldosterone and the aldosterone to renin ratio. Because primary aldosteronism subtypes are quantitative diseases, the true prevalence of primary aldosteronism cannot b...Continue Reading
References
Dec 1, 1978·Acta Endocrinologica·H VetterW Vetter
Jan 18, 1975·British Medical Journal·J B FerrissW S Peart
Sep 4, 1976·British Medical Journal·G BerglundL Wilhelmsen
Jan 1, 1975·Acta Medica Scandinavica·K Bech, T Hilden
Sep 11, 1992·Radiology·J L DoppmanD L Jicha
Feb 1, 1991·Hypertension·E G Biglieri
Nov 1, 1991·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·T J McKennaS Cunningham
Jan 17, 1981·Lancet·N J VaughanN N Payne
Sep 10, 1983·British Medical Journal·J D Swales
Nov 1, 1981·Archives of Internal Medicine·K HiramatsuT Izumiyama
Jan 1, 1981·Acta Medica Scandinavica·M Danielson, B Dammström
Nov 1, 1995·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·L PascoeP Corvol
Jul 23, 1994·Lancet·R D Gordon
Apr 1, 1994·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·R D GordonJ C Rutherford
Dec 1, 1994·Annals of Internal Medicine·J D BlumenfeldJ H Laragh
Nov 1, 1993·The Journal of Urology·P E GleasonJ P Donohue
Feb 1, 1993·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·N R DunnickL Kurylo
Feb 1, 1996·Radiology·J L Doppman, J R Gill
Jun 10, 1996·Archives of Internal Medicine·S AbdelhamidA Röckel
Dec 1, 1996·Surgery·W F YoungJ A van Heerden
Dec 17, 1998·The New England Journal of Medicine·A Ganguly
Feb 19, 1999·Lancet·P O LimT M MacDonald
Mar 6, 1999·Journal of Hypertension
Sep 3, 1999·BMJ : British Medical Journal·L E RamsayG Russell
Sep 14, 1999·Journal of Human Hypertension·L RamsayG Russell
Apr 6, 2001·Lancet·N M Kaplan
Oct 19, 1964·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J W CONND R ROVNER
May 1, 1965·Minnesota Medicine·J E STEVENSONF B TIFFANY
Jul 19, 1965·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J W CONNR M NESBIT
Citations
Dec 18, 2008·Endocrine Pathology·Anne Marie McNicol
May 12, 2004·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Joël Ménard
Dec 23, 2009·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Andreas TomaschitzThomas R Pieber
Mar 20, 2004·Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation : Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association·Pierre-François PlouinGilles Chatellier
Jan 24, 2007·Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery·Celestino Pio LombardiRocco Bellantone
Jun 9, 2009·Best Practice & Research. Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism·Massimo TerzoloAlberto Angeli
May 15, 2016·Annales d'endocrinologie·Claire DouillardXavier Girerd
Apr 21, 2004·Journal of Hypertension·Norman M Kaplan
Dec 7, 2002·Hypertension·David A CalhounPaula Weissmann
Apr 10, 2008·Journal of Hypertension·Giampaolo BerniniAntonio Salvetti
Aug 8, 2008·Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine·Anne Marie McNicol