Is residual memory variance a valid method for quantifying cognitive reserve? A longitudinal application

Neuropsychologia
Laura B ZahodneYaakov Stern

Abstract

Cognitive reserve describes the mismatch between brain integrity and cognitive performance. Older adults with high cognitive reserve are more resilient to age-related brain pathology. Traditionally, cognitive reserve is indexed indirectly via static proxy variables (e.g., years of education). More recently, cross-sectional studies have suggested that reserve can be expressed as residual variance in episodic memory performance that remains after accounting for demographic factors and brain pathology (whole brain, hippocampal, and white matter hyperintensity volumes). The present study extends these methods to a longitudinal framework in a community-based cohort of 244 older adults who underwent two comprehensive neuropsychological and structural magnetic resonance imaging sessions over 4.6 years. On average, residual memory variance decreased over time, consistent with the idea that cognitive reserve is depleted over time. Individual differences in change in residual memory variance predicted incident dementia, independent of baseline residual memory variance. Multiple-group latent difference score models revealed tighter coupling between brain and language changes among individuals with decreasing residual memory variance. Thes...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Oct 7, 2016·Brain Imaging and Behavior·N FranzmeierUNKNOWN Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Apr 8, 2017·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Laura SerraMarco Bozzali
Jul 28, 2016·Brain Imaging and Behavior·Yaakov Stern
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Apr 4, 2018·Alzheimer's Research & Therapy·Jonna Nilsson, Martin Lövdén
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Jul 22, 2017·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Nicolai FranzmeierMichael Ewers
Jan 11, 2019·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Corinne Pettigrew, Anja Soldan
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Dec 1, 2020·Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition·Marianne FarinaTatiana Quarti Irigaray
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Sep 14, 2021·Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience·Federico GalloSerhiy Dekhtyar
Oct 16, 2021·Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology : the Official Journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists·Yaakov Stern
Aug 30, 2019·Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders·Francisca S RodriguezUNKNOWN Aging Brain: Vasculature, Ischemia, and Behavior Study
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Nov 15, 2021·European Journal of Neurology : the Official Journal of the European Federation of Neurological Societies·Sara MondiniRaffaella Ida Rumiati

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