Is There a Governing Role of Osteocytes in Bone Tissue Regeneration?

Current Osteoporosis Reports
Wei CaoEngelbert A J M Schulten

Abstract

Bone regeneration plays an important role in contemporary clinical treatment. Bone tissue engineering should result in successful bone regeneration to restore congenital or acquired bone defects in the human skeleton. Osteocytes are thought to have a governing role in bone remodeling by regulating osteoclast and osteoblast activity, and thus bone loss and formation. In this review, we address the so far largely unknown role osteocytes may play in bone tissue regeneration. Osteocytes release biochemical signaling molecules involved in bone remodeling such as prostaglandins, nitric oxide, Wnts, and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Treatment of mesenchymal stem cells in bone tissue engineering with prostaglandins (e.g., PGE2, PGI2, PGF2α), nitric oxide, IGF-1, or Wnts (e.g., Wnt3a) improves osteogenesis. This review provides an overview of the functions of osteocytes in bone tissue, their interaction with other bone cells, and their role in bone remodeling. We postulate that osteocytes may have a pivotal role in bone regeneration as well, and consequently that the bone regeneration process may be improved effectively and rapidly if osteocytes are optimally used and stimulated.

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Citations

Jun 5, 2021·Scientific Reports·Buyanbileg Sodnom-IshSoung Min Kim
Sep 22, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Zilong YaoBin Yu
Sep 30, 2021·ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering·Haoyang LiuWei Zhang
Nov 13, 2021·Current Osteoporosis Reports·Donata IandoloLaurence Vico

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