Is There a Spillover Effect of Targeted Dietary Change on Untargeted Health Behaviors? Evidence From a Dietary Modification Trial

Health Education & Behavior : the Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education
Elizabeth A SarmaDorothy S Lane

Abstract

Background. The gateway behavior hypothesis posits that change in a health behavior targeted for modification may promote positive changes in other untargeted health behaviors; however, previous studies have shown inconsistent results. Aims. To examine the patterns and predictors of change in untargeted health behaviors in a large health behavior change trial. Method. Using repeated-measures latent class analysis, this study explored patterns of change in untargeted physical activity, alcohol consumption, and smoking behavior during the first year of the Women's Health Initiative dietary modification trial that targeted total fat reduction to 20% kcal and targeted increased fruit and vegetable intake. Participants were healthy postmenopausal women who were randomly assigned to either the low-fat dietary change intervention (n = 8,193) or a control (n = 12,187) arm. Results. Although there were increases in untargeted physical activity and decreases in alcohol consumption and smoking in the first year, these changes were not consistently associated with study arm. Moreover, although the results of the repeated-measures latent class analysis identified three unique subgroups of participants with similar patterns of untargeted hea...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 7, 2019·Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews·Evelyn B ParrJohn A Hawley
Mar 10, 2021·Food and Nutrition Bulletin·Gerald Shively, Alecia Evans
Jul 22, 2021·Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine·Lisa Selma MoussaouiOlivier Desrichard

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