Is There Causal Relationship of Smoking and Alcohol Consumption with Bone Mineral Density? A Mendelian Randomization Study

Calcified Tissue International
Ran GuoQin Fu

Abstract

Observational studies examining associations of smoking and alcohol consumption with bone mineral density (BMD) have generated inconsistent results and suffer from several methodological limitations. We aim to evaluate whether there are causal associations between smoking, alcohol consumption, and BMD using a Mendelian randomization (MR) design. Genetic variants associated with smoking status (n = 142), no. of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) (n = 3), smoking initiation (n = 1), and alcohol consumption (n = 6) identified in published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were used as instruments. Summary statistics data of 32735, 28498, 8143, and 445921 European subjects included in The GEnetic Factors for Osteoporosis Consortium or UK Biobank were used to generate associations of genetically predicted smoking or alcohol consumption with femoral neck (FN-BMD), lumbar spine (LS-BMD), forearm (FA-BMD), and heel BMD, respectively, by using the inverse-variance weighted method. The BMD was measured using either ultrasound (for heel) or Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (for others). In our analyses, smoking status tended to be negatively associated with several types of BMD (heel BMD: β = - 0.053, p = 0.003; FN-BMD: β = - 0.139, p =...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 23, 2020·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Zihao QuShigui Yan
Sep 9, 2020·Current Osteoporosis Reports·M A ChristouD Karasik
Dec 12, 2019·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Jie ZhengJonathan H Tobias
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Dec 23, 2021·Alcohol and Alcoholism : International Journal of the Medical Council on Alcoholism·Yatan Pal Singh BalharaRavinder Goswami

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
X-ray
genotyping

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