Isolation and characterization of the human tRNA-(N1G37) methyltransferase (TRM5) and comparison to the Escherichia coli TrmD protein

Biochemistry
Hervé BruléWalter M Holmes

Abstract

A human TRM5 cDNA has been cloned and recombinant tRNA-N(1)G37 methyltransferase was produced. The recombinant enzyme methylates the N1 position of guanosine 37 (G37) in selected tRNA transcripts utilizing S-adenosyl methionine. The effects of RNA sequence and structure on the methylation reaction in comparison between the Escherichia coli TrmD and human TRM5 recombinant enzymes are presented. G37-methylation by TRM5 occurs regardless of the nature of the nucleotide at position 36. TRM5 also methylates inosine at position 37 unlike TrmD, which recognizes the G36pG37 motif preferentially and does not methylate inosine. New evidence is presented concerning TrmD showing that with some tRNA species, A at position 36 is also recognized. The TRM5 enzyme is sensitive to subtle changes in the tRNA-protein tertiary interaction leading to loss of activity. The TrmD enzyme is more tolerant of alterations in tRNA-protein tertiary interactions as long as the core tRNA structure and the G36pG37 are present. The TRM5 enzyme does not have an absolute requirement for magnesium ions, whereas TrmD requires magnesium to express activity. TRM5 demonstrates much higher affinity for substrates with K(m) values for tRNA that are nanomolar. TrmD has K(...Continue Reading

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