PMID: 8581318Jan 1, 1995Paper

Isolation and identification of a compound from avocado (Persea americana) leaves which causes necrosis of the acinar epithelium of the lactating mammary gland and the myocardium

Natural Toxins
Peter B OelrichsJohn K Macleod

Abstract

It is well known that when lactating livestock eat avocado (Persea americana) leaves they may develop non-infectious mastitis and agalactia. This is associated with extensive coagulation necrosis of the secretory acinar epithelium and interstitial oedema, congestion, and haemorrhage. Similar lesions have been produced in mammary glands of lactating mice fed a diet containing a small percentage of freeze-dried avocado leaf. Tests using these animals have been used to isolate the active principle, termed "persin," from avocado leaves. The purified persin was examined using IR, NMR, and UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and identified as (Z,Z)-1-(acetyloxy)-2-hydroxy-12,15-heneicosadien-4-one. Persin has previously been isolated from avocado leaves and shown to have antifungal properties and to be toxic to silkworms. Our tests have shown that persin at the dose rate of 60-100 mg/kg has the same effect on mammary glands in lactating mice as leaves from avocado. Enantioselective syntheses of the R and the S isomers of persin and related derivatives were carried out. These compounds were tested for activity required to induce widespread lactating mammary gland necrosis in mice, and only the R isomer was found active. At doses of...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 1, 2010·Pharmacognosy Reviews·Mohammad YasirM D Kharya
Aug 23, 2001·Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry·H HashimuraT Kasai
Apr 15, 2008·The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Exotic Animal Practice·Teresa L Lightfoot, Julie M Yeager
Apr 14, 2015·Journal of Avian Medicine and Surgery·Galit H Frydman, Amy Earl
May 8, 2016·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·Ashutosh SharmaMaría Luisa Villarreal
Nov 22, 2016·Journal of Food Science·Carmen Salinas-SalazarAdriana Pacheco
Jan 7, 2015·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·David A AkinpeluAnthony I Okoh
Aug 10, 2016·Chemistry & Biodiversity·Yolanda Magdalena García-RodríguezFrancisco J Espinosa-García
Sep 23, 2010·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part C, Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews·Paresh KulkarniN Ganesh
Jun 30, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Dariana G Rodríguez-SánchezCarmen Hernández-Brenes
Nov 18, 2010·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Andreas Georg Degenhardt, Thomas Hofmann
Jun 23, 2020·ACS Infectious Diseases·Minetaro AritaNobuo Kawahara
Mar 10, 2020·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·Vincent RoumyThierry Hennebelle

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