Isolation of Mycobacterium arupense from pleural effusion: culprit or not?

BMC Infectious Diseases
Xian ZhouYuekai Hu

Abstract

Mycobacterium arupense, first identified in 2006, is a slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) and an emerging cause of tenosynovitis, potentially associated with immunosuppression. However, unlike the diagnostic value of its isolation from osteoarticular specimens, the significance of detecting M. arupense in respiratory specimens is not yet clear. To our knowledge, we, for the first time, described the identification of M. arupense from the pleural effusion of an immunocompetent patient, who presented with fever and chylothorax. The symptoms resolved with doxycycline treatment for 45 days and a low-fat, high-protein diet. Follow-up at 14 months showed no relapse. Because the patient fully recovered without combined anti-NTM treatment, we did not consider M. arupense the etiological cause in this case. This indicates that M. arupense detected in pleural effusion is not necessarily a causative agent and careful interpretation is needed in terms of its clinical relevance.

References

Jun 2, 2006·International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology·Joann L CloudGail L Woods
Aug 24, 2013·International Journal of STD & AIDS·P HeidariehM M Feizabadi
Jan 12, 2017·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Bright VargheseSahal Al-Hajoj

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