PMID: 9166424Jun 2, 1997Paper

Isolation, structure elucidation, and synthesis of a macrophage stimulatory lipopeptide from Mycoplasma fermentans acting at picomolar concentration

The Journal of Experimental Medicine
Peter F MühlradtG Jung

Abstract

Macrophages are typically stimulated by components of microbial cell walls. Surprisingly, cell wall-less mycoplasmas can also very efficiently stimulate macrophages. We showed recently that mycoplasma-derived lipopeptides constitute the active principle. We have now isolated a clone of Mycoplasma fermentans expressing mainly one macrophage-stimulating lipopeptide. This lipopeptide was detergent-extracted and isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromotography, using nitric oxide release from C3H/HeJ mouse macrophages as bioassay for detection. In contrast to "conventional" bacterial lipoproteins, this lipopeptide had a free NH2 terminus. Amino acid composition, sequence, and the molecular weight of 2,163. 3 are consistent with the following structure: S-(2, 3-bisacyloxypropyl)cysteine-GNNDESNISFKEK with one mole C16:0, and a further mole of a mixture of C18:0 and C18:1 fatty acid per lipopeptide molecule. The sequence could not be found in either the protein identification resource nor the Swiss Prot data bank. We named this 2-kD lipopeptide, macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2). Synthetic dipalmitoyl MALP-2 and mycoplasma-derived MALP-2 were compared with the bioassay. Both lipopeptides showed an identica...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Dec 23, 1998·European Journal of Immunology·G SachtP F Mühlradt
Nov 15, 2002·European Journal of Immunology·Michael MorrPeter F Mühlradt
May 30, 2006·Current Microbiology·Koichi KuwanoYutaka Kida
Jan 22, 2010·Amino Acids·Weiguang ZengDavid C Jackson
Feb 19, 2009·Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology·Ji WangBo-Zhong Mu
May 5, 2005·Regulatory Peptides·Jin-Tang DuHiroshi Nakanishi
Dec 22, 1999·Trends in Microbiology·I ChambaudA Blanchard
May 15, 2002·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Tsukasa Seya, Misako Matsumoto
Oct 20, 2011·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Geetanjali AgnihotriSunil A David
Oct 27, 2012·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Amanda Shanks HuynhJosef Vagner
Mar 23, 2010·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·Wenyan WuSunil A David
Jan 22, 2003·Immunology and Cell Biology·Brendon Y ChuaDavid C Jackson
Apr 17, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Hannah H AlphsRichard B S Roden
Feb 17, 2009·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Kazuki TawaratsumidaMasahito Hashimoto
Oct 3, 2002·International Immunology·Katsuaki HoshinoShizuo Akira
May 23, 2001·Nucleic Acids Research·I ChambaudA Blanchard
Jan 14, 2009·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·R T TrifonovaR N Fichorova
Sep 9, 2011·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI·Laura StoekerGregg A Dean
Mar 20, 2001·Infection and Immunity·M Hensmann, D Kwiatkowski

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