Isotope Fractionation Pinpoints Membrane Permeability as a Barrier to Atrazine Biodegradation in Gram-negative Polaromonas sp. Nea-C

Environmental Science & Technology
Benno N EhrlMartin Elsner

Abstract

Biodegradation of persistent pesticides like atrazine often stalls at low concentrations in the environment. While mass transfer does not limit atrazine degradation by the Gram-positive Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 at high concentrations (>1 mg/L), evidence of bioavailability limitations is emerging at trace concentrations (<0.1 mg/L). To assess the bioavailability constraints on biodegradation, the roles of cell wall physiology and transporters remain imperfectly understood. Here, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) demonstrates that cell wall physiology (i.e., the difference between Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria) imposes mass transfer limitations in atrazine biodegradation even at high concentrations. Atrazine biodegradation by Gram-negative Polaromonas sp. Nea-C caused significantly less isotope fractionation (ε(C) = -3.5 ‰) than expected for hydrolysis by the enzyme TrzN (ε(C) = -5.0 ‰) and observed in Gram-positive Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 (ε(C) = -5.4 ‰). Isotope fractionation was recovered in cell-free extracts (ε(C) = -5.3 ‰) where no cell envelope restricted pollutant uptake. When active transport was inhibited with cyanide, atrazine degradation rates remained constant demonstrating that atrazine mass ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 6, 2018·Environmental Science & Technology·Benno N EhrlMartin Elsner
Jul 3, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Sviatlana MarozavaMartin Elsner
Oct 19, 2019·Analytical Chemistry·Violaine PonsinDaniel Hunkeler

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
phosphotransferase

Software Mentioned

Blast search
ReKinSim

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