PMID: 3213673Jun 1, 1988Paper

IUD insertion forces: effects of recent childbirth and lactation

Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception
N D Goldstuck, G Holloway

Abstract

This investigation compared the force required to insert an IUD in women who were breastfeeding and who had recently delivered a child with that required in control women who were not breastfeeding and who had not recently delivered. Twenty-eight women who had recently delivered and who were breastfeeding were compared with twenty-eight controls. The women were matched for age and parity and for the type of IUD used. The mean IUD insertion force in the breastfeeding, recently-delivered women was 1.75 newtons (N) as compared to 2.80 N in the controls. The difference was statistically highly significant (paired t-test, p less than 0.01). Recent childbirth and lactation are associated with a reduction in IUD-related insertion pain, probably due to a reduction in the force required for insertion. This reduction in IUD insertion force is not necessarily related to lower uterine perforation rates in IUD insertion in this group. A number of physiological mechanisms may be responsible for this finding.

References

Mar 1, 1987·Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception·N D Goldstuck
Aug 1, 1987·European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology·N D Goldstuck
Aug 1, 1984·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·I C Chi, E Kelly
Nov 1, 1982·British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·G S AnthonyA A Calder

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Citations

Jun 1, 1989·Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception·I C ChiR Rivera
Dec 12, 2003·The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception·E CaliskanS Dilbaz
Apr 1, 1993·Annals of Medicine·S Saarikoski

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