Joining the Crowd: Integrating Plant Virus Proteins into the Larger World of Pathogen Effectors

Annual Review of Phytopathology
Scott M Leisner, James E Schoelz

Abstract

The first bacterial and viral avirulence ( avr) genes were cloned in 1984. Although virus and bacterial avr genes were physically isolated in the same year, the questions associated with their characterization after discovery were very different, and these differences had a profound influence on the narrative of host-pathogen interactions for the past 30 years. Bacterial avr proteins were subsequently shown to suppress host defenses, leading to their reclassification as effectors, whereas research on viral avr proteins centered on their role in the viral infection cycle rather than their effect on host defenses. Recent studies that focus on the multifunctional nature of plant virus proteins have shown that some virus proteins are capable of suppression of the same host defenses as bacterial effectors. This is exemplified by the P6 protein of Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV), a multifunctional plant virus protein that facilitates several steps in the infection, including modulation of host defenses. This review highlights the modular structure and multifunctional nature of CaMV P6 and illustrates its similarities to other, well-established pathogen effectors.

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Citations

Sep 29, 2019·The Plant Journal : for Cell and Molecular Biology·Guanwei WuAiming Wang
Dec 24, 2019·The New Phytologist·Karen-Beth G Scholthof
Feb 2, 2021·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI·Soledad SacristánSebastian Eves-van den Akker
Oct 10, 2021·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
in vitro transcription
electron microscopy
transgenic

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