Just how Lamarckian is CRISPR-Cas immunity: the continuum of evolvability mechanisms

Biology Direct
Eugene V Koonin, Yuri I Wolf

Abstract

The CRISPR-Cas system of prokaryotic adaptive immunity displays features of a mechanism for directional, Lamarckian evolution. Indeed, this system modifies a specific locus in a bacterial or archaeal genome by inserting a piece of foreign DNA into a CRISPR array which results in acquired, heritable resistance to the cognate selfish element. A key element of the Lamarckian scheme is the specificity and directionality of the mutational process whereby an environmental cue causes only mutations that provide specific adaptations to the original challenge. In the case of adaptive immunity, the specificity of mutations is equivalent to self-nonself discrimination. Recent studies on the CRISPR mechanism have shown that the levels of discrimination can substantially differ such that in some CRISPR-Cas variants incorporation of DNA is random whereas discrimination occurs by selection of cells that carry cognate inserts. In other systems, a higher level of specificity appears to be achieved via specialized mechanisms. These findings emphasize the continuity between random and directed mutations and the critical importance of evolved mechanisms that govern the mutational process.

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Citations

Nov 30, 2016·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Eugene V Koonin, Feng Zhang
Jul 27, 2017·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Viktor MüllerEörs Szathmáry
Aug 22, 2017·Physical Biology·Caroline M HolmesIlya Nemenman
Oct 7, 2017·Genome Biology and Evolution·Eugene V Koonin, Kira S Makarova
Jun 29, 2017·Annual Review of Microbiology·Eugene V KooninYuri I Wolf
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May 1, 2021·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Ilana Zilber-Rosenberg, Eugene Rosenberg
Aug 30, 2021·The New Phytologist·Adam Hannan ParkerJurriaan Ton

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