Karyophobic proteins. A category of abundant soluble proteins which accumulate in the cytoplasm

Experimental Cell Research
M C Dabauvalle, W W Franke

Abstract

The cytoplasm of oocytes of Xenopus laevis is enriched in several soluble proteins which are either absent from the nucleus or are present there at very low concentrations. These molecules, collectively referred to as karyophobic (from the Greek verbs and which are meant here in the sense of "to be afraid of" or "to avoid") proteins represent more than 20% of the total soluble cytoplasmic proteins and include some of the most abundant soluble cellular components. They may be recovered from high-speed supernatant (S-100) fractions and, following sucrose gradient centrifugation, most of them appear in the form of complexes smaller than 8.5 S. On denaturation in urea and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis these proteins appear to be comprised of polypeptides of widely different sizes (ca Mr 15 000-230 000) and isoelectric points covering a broad range of pH values (4.2-8.0). Gel filtration and isoelectric focusing of native karyophobic proteins show that the majority occur in acidic complexes smaller than Mr 150 000, including one case of a small karyophobic protein (C9; Mr 30 000). In contrast to karyophilic proteins and proteins equilibrating between nucleus and cytoplasm karyophobic soluble proteins from [35S]methionine-labell...Continue Reading

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