Ketamine-enhanced immobility in forced swim test: a possible animal model for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
Ben A ChindoKarniyus S Gamaniel

Abstract

Schizophrenia is a chronic and highly complex psychiatric disorder characterised by cognitive dysfunctions, negative and positive symptoms. The major challenge in schizophrenia research is lack of suitable animal models that mimic the core behavioural aspects and symptoms of this devastating psychiatric disorder. In this study, we used classical and atypical antipsychotic drugs to examine the predictive validity of ketamine-enhanced immobility in forced swim test (FST) as a possible animal model for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. We also evaluated the effects of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) on the ketamine-enhanced immobility in FST. Repeated administration of a subanaesthetic dose of ketamine (30 mg kg(-1), i.p., daily for 5 days) enhanced the duration of immobility in FST 24 h after the final injection. The effect, which persisted for at least 21 days after withdrawal of the drug, was neither observed by single treatment with ketamine (30 mg kg(-1) i.p.) nor repeated treatment with amphetamine (1 and 2 mg kg(-1) i.p., daily for 5 days). The enhancing effects of ketamine (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1) i.p.) on the duration of immobility in the FST were attenuated by clozapine (1, 5 and 10 mg kg(-1) i.p.), ri...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 21, 2015·The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology·Lien WangOlivier Civelli
Apr 12, 2016·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·Anett SchumacherRutsuko Ito
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Nov 21, 2018·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·Katia Cilene Ferreira DiasSilvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
Mar 15, 2015·Behavioural Pharmacology·Małgorzata HołujAgnieszka Nikiforuk
Apr 13, 2021·IBRO Neuroscience Reports·Lydia Doosuur IorFrancis Kanayo Okwuasaba
May 29, 2021·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Ridge G WestonBrendon O Watson
Jul 10, 2021·Brain Communications·Costanza PeinkhoferDaniel Kondziella
May 2, 2018·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Mayra Alejandra Santillán-UrquizaJaime Tortoriello
Jul 20, 2018·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Benneth Ben-AzuEzekiel O Iwalewa

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