Key molecules in lymphatic development, function, and identification

Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft
Sawan Kumar JhaMichael Jeltsch

Abstract

While both blood and lymphatic vessels transport fluids and thus share many similarities, they also show functional and structural differences, which can be used to differentiate them. Specific visualization of lymphatic vessels has historically been and still is a pivot point in lymphatic research. Many of the proteins that are investigated by molecular biologists in lymphatic research have been defined as marker molecules, i.e. to visualize and distinguish lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from other cell types, most notably from blood vascular endothelial cells (BECs) and cells of the hematopoietic lineage. Among the factors that drive the developmental differentiation of lymphatic structures from venous endothelium, Prospero homeobox protein 1 (PROX1) is the master transcriptional regulator. PROX1 maintains lymphatic identity also in the adult organism and thus is a universal LEC marker. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) is the major tyrosine kinase receptor that drives LEC proliferation and migration. The major activator for VEGFR-3 is vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C). However, before VEGF-C can signal, it needs to be proteolytically activated by an extracellular protein complex comprise...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 16, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Erika GucciardoKaisa Lehti
Jan 8, 2020·Cells·Simone PolvaniAndrea Galli
Aug 8, 2020·Frontiers in Physiology·Yingye FangP I Imoukhuede
Jan 26, 2021·Lymphatic Research and Biology·Brynn A HathawayAllison C Nauta
Jan 23, 2021·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·S B VermaU Wollina
Nov 12, 2020·Cancers·Khairunnisa' Md YusofKelly A Avery-Kiejda
Feb 2, 2021·Microcirculation : the Official Journal of the Microcirculatory Society, Inc·A Blake TuckerShailesh Agarwal
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Jun 22, 2021·JHEP Reports : Innovation in Hepatology·Valeria MariottiMario Strazzabosco
Oct 12, 2020·The American Journal of Pathology·Peter BalukDonald M McDonald

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