PMID: 12775072May 31, 2003Paper

Key parameters for de novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Environmental Science & Technology
Evalena WikströmBrian K Gullet

Abstract

De novo formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs and PCDFs) was investigated in an Entrained Flow Reactor (EFR) to simulate combustion conditions. The parameters investigated were carbon content and nature in fly ash; type of gas-phase environment (oxidative versus reducing conditions) influence of combustion gases such as water, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide; amount of gas-phase chlorine; reaction temperature (250-600 degrees C); and reaction time (minutes vs hours). The comprehensive data set was further evaluated with principal component analysis (PCA) to statistically determine the role and importance of each parameter for de novo formation of PCDDs and PCDFs. Results revealed that an initial fast de novo formation occurs within the first minutes with a formation rate in the orders of hundreds of pmol per minutes; however, the reactivity of the ash was found to decline with time. An average formation rate as low as 3 pmol/min was measured after 6 h. The slower de novo formation of PCDDs and PCDFs was found to be through different reaction mechanisms and, thus, controlled by different parameters. The amount of Cl2 in the gas phase was observed to be an important parameter for PCDFs format...Continue Reading

Citations

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Apr 29, 2004·Environmental Science & Technology·Evalena WikströmBrian K Gullett
Aug 7, 2004·Environmental Science & Technology·Evalena WikströmBrian K Gullett
Jun 2, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·Marchela E PandelovaKarl-Werner Schramm

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