Khat - a controversial plant.

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift
Erica E BalintGabor A Balint

Abstract

Khat (Catha edulis) is a shrub or tree whose leaves have been chewed for centuries by people who live in the Eastern part of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It has recently turned up in North America and Europe, particularly among emigrants and refugees from countries such as Somalia, Ethiopia and Yemen. Khat contains a number of chemicals, among which are two controlled substances, cathinone (Schedule I) and cathine (Schedule IV). Both chemicals are stimulant drugs with effects similar to amphetamine. Chewing the leaves makes people feel more alert and talkative, and suppresses appetite. Chewing khat leaves releases cathinone, a stimulant that produces the feeling of euphoria. When cathinone is broken down in the body, it produces chemicals including cathine and norephedrine, which have a similar structure to amphetamine and adrenaline (epinephrine). Regular khat use is associated with a rise in arterial blood pressure and pulse rate, corresponding with levels of cathinone in the plasma. Moreover, regular khat chewers have gingivitis and loose teeth, but there appears to be no convincing unusual incidence of oral cancer. Among khat users in Yemen there is, however, a higher incidence of esophageal cancer compared with gastri...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1977·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·C K Maitai
Aug 1, 1976·Annals of Internal Medicine·W Luqman, T S Danowski
Apr 1, 1975·Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences·C K Maitai, G M Mugera
Dec 1, 1992·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·D J Calcagnetti, M D Schechter
Jan 1, 1992·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·A J GianniniC E Turner
Feb 1, 1992·Pharmacology & Toxicology·P Kalix
Apr 1, 1991·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·P Kalix
Aug 1, 1991·The Journal of Laryngology and Otology·H E SoufiT Malatani
Jan 1, 1990·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·P Kalix
Dec 1, 1990·British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology·R BrenneisenP Kalix
Mar 16, 1990·Toxicology·M W IslamI Ashraf
Jan 1, 1989·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·P Nencini, A M Ahmed
Apr 1, 1986·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·R BrenneisenX Schorno
Sep 1, 1986·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·P NenciniA S Elmi
Aug 1, 1986·Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior·M D Schechter
Jan 1, 1988·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·P Kalix
Nov 1, 1988·Australian Veterinary Journal·J C Illera, M Illera
Oct 1, 1988·Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica·M GranekA M Weingarten
Apr 1, 1987·Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology·C M Hill, A Gibson
Feb 1, 1987·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·S Critchlow, R Seifert
Sep 1, 1980·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·P Kalix
May 1, 1982·The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology·J D Kohli, L I Goldberg
Aug 1, 1983·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·A S Elmi
Jan 1, 1983·Developments in Toxicology and Environmental Science·M TariqA Al-Saleh
Jan 1, 1984·General Pharmacology·P Kalix
Jan 1, 1984·Pharmacology·P NenciniA S Elmi
Jan 1, 1983·Social Science & Medicine·J G KennedyE Cooney
Aug 1, 1993·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·M B Ahmed, A B el-Qirbi
May 1, 1994·Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics·P WidlerH U Fisch
Jan 1, 1994·Journal of Psychoactive Drugs·P Kalix
Jun 1, 1994·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·A D Jager, L Sireling
Jan 1, 1994·Drug and Chemical Toxicology·M W IslamN M al-Gharably
Dec 1, 1995·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·J M HalketI M Murray-Lyon
Mar 1, 1997·The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science·P GriffithsC Lloyd
Nov 6, 1998·Trends in Pharmacological Sciences·G A Balint
Jun 8, 2000·Tropical Doctor·N A HassanI M Murray-Lyon
Apr 6, 2001·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·F KassieS Knasmüller
Feb 16, 2002·Heart·A Al-MotarrebK J Broadley

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 31, 2013·Forensic Science International : Synergy·Jolanta B Zawilska, Jakub Wojcieszak
Oct 29, 2013·Substance Abuse : Official Publication of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse·Rashad Alsanusy, Maged El-Setouhy
Sep 20, 2012·Culture, Health & Sexuality·Della BerhanuTewabech Bishaw
Dec 1, 2012·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Motohiro NakajimaMolham Al Habori
Jan 1, 2014·Pediatric Emergency Care·Matthew D Thornton, Carl R Baum
Nov 30, 2010·BMC Public Health·Felix WedegaertnerDirk Breitmeier
Jun 24, 2011·PloS One·Lorenza S ColzatoBernhard Hommel
Oct 12, 2010·The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry·Jacob AlexanderOmar El-Domeiri
May 24, 2014·Preventing Chronic Disease·Motohiro NakajimaMustafa al'Absi
Oct 1, 2013·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Motohiro NakajimaMustafa Al'Absi
Dec 10, 2013·Archives of Toxicology·Maria João ValenteMárcia Carvalho
Aug 5, 2014·Forensic Science International : Synergy·E SmolianitskiJ Almog
Oct 2, 2015·Metabolic Brain Disease·S T KimaniP G Kioy
Apr 17, 2012·Trends in Plant Science·Jillian M HagelPeter J Facchini
Nov 3, 2010·Mayo Clinic Proceedings·Farrah J Mateen, Gregory D Cascino
Jul 15, 2011·Drug Testing and Analysis·John P Kelly
Apr 9, 2014·Health and Quality of Life Outcomes·Kamaludin Ahmed SheikhZafar Ahmed
Sep 18, 2015·BioMed Research International·Siddig Ibrahim AbdelwahabMaged El-Setouhy
Jul 3, 2013·Orvosi hetilap·Erika Éva BálintGábor Sándor Bálint
Jun 13, 2015·BioMed Research International·Yusuf Sheikh OmarDavid Castle
Jan 1, 2011·Case Reports in Critical Care·Marlene WewalkaChristian Zauner
Jan 1, 2012·Qatar Medical Journal·Taha Al-JuhaishiAbdulrazzak Gehani
Apr 20, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Flaminia PantanoEnrico Marinelli
Jun 18, 2010·Journal of Ethnopharmacology·Richard Hoffman, Mustafa Al'Absi
Sep 28, 2014·Journal of Pharmacy Practice·Brian P Kersten, Megan E McLaughlin
Jun 23, 2018·Drug and Alcohol Review·Motohiro NakajimaMustafa al'Absi
Feb 14, 2018·Natural Product Research·Morteza Gholami, Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi
Feb 2, 2018·The Open Cardiovascular Medicine Journal·Teshale Ayele Mega, Nikodimos Eshetu Dabe
Aug 30, 2012·Natural Product Reports·Warunya Arunotayanun, Simon Gibbons

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is characterized by manic and/or depressive episodes and associated with uncommon shifts in mood, activity levels, and energy. Discover the latest research this illness here.

Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric condition characterized by severe weight loss and secondary problems associated with malnutrition. Here is the latest research on AN.