Khat Induced Toxicity: Role on Its Modulating Effects on Inflammation and Oxidative Stability

BioMed Research International
Siddig Ibrahim AbdelwahabSyam Mohan

Abstract

Long-term khat (Catha edulis Forsk.) chewing has negative effects on human body. Khat constituents appear to be capable of disturbing the delicate equilibrium between damaging and protective mechanisms of a cell that is essential for optimal activity, thereby producing oxidative damage. Therefore, the current study was designed to understand the role of khat on cell toxicity, oxidative stability, and inflammation. Khat was extracted using 60% methanol and assessed calorimetrically for its phenolic and flavonoid contents. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were used to assess the antioxidant properties. Lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma induced murine monocytic macrophages cell line (RAW 264.7) were used to assess khat effects on cellular inflammation, oxidative stability, and viability. Khat possesses high content of polyphenols and flavonoids. The results showed a strong potency of antioxidants in DPPH, ORAC, and FRAP assays. Khat decreases the production of the proinflammatory nitric oxide and induces cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species inhibition. Heavy khat consumption induced-toxicity and symptoms...Continue Reading

References

Aug 1, 1991·The Journal of Laryngology and Otology·H E SoufiT Malatani
Nov 24, 1999·Nutrition Reviews·X D Wang, R M Russell
May 9, 2000·Progress in Lipid Research·A Azzi, A Stocker
Jan 11, 2005·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Louise I MennenAugustin Scalbert
Oct 18, 2005·BMC Public Health·Derege KebedeTewodros Gebremichael
Nov 1, 2005·Expert Opinion on Drug Safety·Molham Al-Habori
Dec 13, 2005·Critical Care Medicine·Hülya Bayir
Apr 20, 2006·International Dental Journal·Saba Kassim, Ray Croucher
Sep 16, 2010·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Simone ReuterBharat B Aggarwal
Dec 7, 2010·Drug Testing and Analysis·Samir L AleryaniAhmed A Al-Akwa
Jul 1, 2002·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Aalt Bast, Guido R M M Haenen
Nov 17, 2012·BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine·Naima SaeedMaria Shabbir
Dec 22, 2012·Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine : ECAM·Abdulsamad AlsalahiMohammed A Alshawsh
Feb 22, 2014·BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine·Zewdneh Shewamene, Ephrem Engidawork
May 28, 2015·BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine·Salmon A AdebayoJacobus N Eloff
Oct 21, 2016·Pharmacognosy Magazine·Hussein M AgeelyAtef Shehata
Nov 3, 2016·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Palanisamy ArulselvanS Suresh Kumar

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 28, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Alaa Sayed Abou-ElhamdMuhammad Abu-Elmagd

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

Excel

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.