Kinematics of swimming of the manta ray: three-dimensional analysis of open-water maneuverability

The Journal of Experimental Biology
Frank E FishHilary Bart-Smith

Abstract

For aquatic animals, turning maneuvers represent a locomotor activity that may not be confined to a single coordinate plane, making analysis difficult, particularly in the field. To measure turning performance in a three-dimensional space for the manta ray (Mobula birostris), a large open-water swimmer, scaled stereo video recordings were collected. Movements of the cephalic lobes, eye and tail base were tracked to obtain three-dimensional coordinates. A mathematical analysis was performed on the coordinate data to calculate the turning rate and curvature (1/turning radius) as a function of time by numerically estimating the derivative of manta trajectories through three-dimensional space. Principal component analysis was used to project the three-dimensional trajectory onto the two-dimensional turn. Smoothing splines were applied to these turns. These are flexible models that minimize a cost function with a parameter controlling the balance between data fidelity and regularity of the derivative. Data for 30 sequences of rays performing slow, steady turns showed the highest 20% of values for the turning rate and smallest 20% of turn radii were 42.65±16.66 deg s-1 and 2.05±1.26 m, respectively. Such turning maneuvers fall within...Continue Reading

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Nov 18, 2018·Integrative and Comparative Biology·P S SegreJ A Goldbogen
Jul 23, 2020·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·Stephen P Howe, Henry C Astley
Jun 22, 2019·Integrative Organismal Biology·S L Hoffmann, M E Porter

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