Kinetics and efficacy of an organophosphorus hydrolase in a rodent model of methyl-parathion poisoning.

Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine
Chip GreshamSteven B Bird

Abstract

Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides exert a tremendous health burden, particularly in the developing world. Limited resources, the severity of intentional OP ingestions, and a paucity of beneficial therapies all contribute to the morbidity and mortality of this broad class of chemicals. A novel theoretical treatment for OP poisoning is the use of an enzyme to degrade the parent OP in the circulation after poisoning. The aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of an OP hydrolase (OpdA) in a rodent model of severe methyl-parathion poisoning. Two animal models were used. First, Wistar rats were administered two different doses of the hydrolase (0.15 and 1.5 mg/kg), and the ex vivo hydrolytic activity of plasma was determined by a fluorometric method. Second, an oral methyl-parathion animal poisoning model was developed to mimic severe human poisoning, and the efficacy of postpoisoning OpdA (as measured by survival to 4 and 24 hours) was determined. The half-life of OpdA in the Wistar rat was dependent on the dose administered and ranged between 45.0 and 57.9 minutes. The poisoning model of three times the lethal dose to 50% of the population (3 x LD(50)) of methyl-parathion resulted in 88% lethality at ...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1994·Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT·F R Sidell
Mar 5, 1999·Critical Reviews in Toxicology·E Vilanova, M A Sogorb
Sep 7, 2001·Toxicology·M Jokanović
Apr 10, 2002·Letters in Applied Microbiology·R L HarcourtJ G Oakeshott
Jun 12, 2002·Current Opinion in Microbiology·Frank M Raushel
Jun 29, 2002·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Irene HorneJohn G Oakeshott
Apr 3, 2003·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·Steven B BirdEric W Dickson
Jun 9, 2004·Toxicological Reviews·Florian EyerPeter Eyer
Nov 30, 2004·Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology & Physiology·T D SutherlandJ G Oakeshott
Feb 9, 2008·Journal of Hazardous Materials·R M DawsonS E Kotsonis
Apr 1, 2008·QJM : Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians·M EddlestonN A Buckley
Jun 9, 2009·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Colin J JacksonJohn G Oakeshott
Dec 8, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C J JacksonD L Ollis
Dec 29, 2009·Frontiers in Bioscience (Scholar Edition)·Steven B BirdDavid Ollis

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 1, 2012·Drug Testing and Analysis·Melinda E Wales, Tony E Reeves
Jun 22, 2016·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Laxmikant S DeshpandeRobert J DeLorenzo
Aug 28, 2019·Clinical Toxicology : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists·Michael EddlestonColin Scott
Jul 1, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Laetitia PoirierEric Chabrière
Jun 30, 2019·Annales pharmaceutiques françaises·P JacquetE Chabrière

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.