Knockdown of NAPA using short-hairpin RNA sensitizes cancer cells to cisplatin: implications to overcome chemoresistance

Biochemical Pharmacology
Zchong-Zcho Wu, Chuck C-K Chao

Abstract

Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer drug which targets DNA in replicating cells. In the present study, we found that NAPA--a protein found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and implicated in protein trafficking--protects cells against cisplatin. Accordingly, knockdown of NAPA using lentivirus-encoded shRNA (shNAPA) induced ER stress similar to cisplatin treatment in HEK293 cells. A low dose of cisplatin also elicited a mild ER stress response associated with the accumulation of the protective proteins BiP and NAPA. Remarkably, knockdown of NAPA induced apoptosis and enhanced cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity/apoptosis, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to cisplatin. On the other hand, overexpression of NAPA increased resistance to cisplatin by reducing cisplatin-induced ER stress and apoptosis. The modulatory effects of shNAPA required the tumor suppressor p53 since the effects of NAPA knockdown were reduced by the p53 inhibitor PFT-alpha and in H1299 cells which are p53-null. A partial reversal of cisplatin resistance was also observed in cisplatin-resistant HeLa cells following knockdown of NAPA. Our results also indicated that calpain is required for ER-mediated apoptosis. Importantly, combined cisplatin/shNAPA treatment supp...Continue Reading

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Jan 20, 2011·Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets·Ludovic Leloup, Alan Wells

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