Know the Flow: Milk Flow Rates From Bottle Nipples Used in the Hospital and After Discharge

Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses
Britt Frisk PadosPamela Dodrill

Abstract

Milk flow rate may play an important role in an infant's ability to safely and efficiently coordinate sucking, swallowing, and breathing during feeding. To test milk flow rates from bottle nipples used in the hospital and after discharge. Bottle nipples used in hospitals (10 unique types) and available nationwide at major retailers (15 unique types) were identified. For each of the 25 nipple types, 15 nipples of that type were tested by measuring the amount of infant formula extracted in 1 minute by a breast pump. Mean milk flow rate (mL/min) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated for each nipple type. Comparisons between nipple types were made within brand and within category (eg, Slow, Standard). A cluster analysis was conducted to identify nipples of comparable flow. A total of 375 individual nipples were tested. Milk flow rates varied widely, from 0.86 to 37.61 mL/min. There was also a wide range of CVs, from 0.03 to 0.35. Packing information did not accurately reflect the flow rates of bottle nipples. The cluster analysis revealed 5 clusters of nipples, with flow rates from Extra Slow to Very Fast. These data can be used to guide decisions regarding nipples to use for feeding infants with medical complexity in t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 28, 2019·Pediatric Radiology·Katlyn Elizabeth McGrattanBonnie Martin-Harris
Jan 8, 2020·Maternal & Child Nutrition·Judith KotowskiFiona Orr
Oct 28, 2019·The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing·Gilson J CapiloutoNirmala Desai
May 18, 2019·Current Gastroenterology Reports·Daniel R DuncanRachel L Rosen
Jul 12, 2020·American Journal of Speech-language Pathology·Memorie M GosaAlan Silverman
Oct 23, 2020·Public Health Nutrition·Florencia AlcaireGastón Ares
Nov 24, 2020·Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN·Britt Frisk Pados, Megan Mellon
Apr 30, 2021·Nursing for Women's Health·Britt Frisk Pados
Feb 4, 2022·Advances in Neonatal Care : Official Journal of the National Association of Neonatal Nurses·Britt F Pados

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