Kynurenic Acid Protects Against Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Death in Mice.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Rooban B NahomiRam H Nagaraj

Abstract

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy and involves the progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which leads to blindness in patients. We investigated the role of the neuroprotective kynurenic acid (KYNA) in RGC death against retinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We injected KYNA intravenously or intravitreally to mice. We generated a knockout mouse strain of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), an enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that produces neurotoxic 3-hydroxykynurenine. To test the effect of mild hyperglycemia on RGC protection, we used streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic mice. Retinal I/R injury was induced by increasing intraocular pressure for 60 min followed by reperfusion and RGC numbers were counted in the retinal flat mounts. Intravenous or intravitreal administration of KYNA protected RGCs against I/R injury. The I/R injury caused a greater loss of RGCs in wild type than in KMO knockout mice. KMO knockout mice had mildly higher levels of fasting blood glucose than wild type mice. Diabetic mice showed significantly lower loss of RGCs when compared with non-diabetic mice subjected to I/R injury. Together, our study suggests that the absence of KMO protects RGCs against I/R injury, through mechanisms t...Continue Reading

References

Jun 1, 1996·Japanese Journal of Pharmacology·Y NakagamiH Katsuki
Jul 3, 1999·Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry·P SalvatiC Post
May 19, 2000·Neuroreport·J Urenjak, T P Obrenovitch
Oct 19, 2004·Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft·T Mittag, K-G Schmidt
Dec 2, 2004·Neurobiology of Disease·Paolo GuidettiRobert Schwarcz
Feb 3, 2005·Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research : the Official Journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research·Cory M RobinsonJoseph M Carlin
Apr 20, 2005·Journal of Neurochemistry·Arash RassoulpourRobert Schwarcz
Jun 30, 2005·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Xiaohong ZhouWei Cao
Feb 21, 2006·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·H A Quigley, A T Broman
Dec 8, 2006·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Toru NakazawaLarry I Benowitz
Apr 3, 2007·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Yen F TaiPaola Piccini
Nov 23, 2007·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Gilles J GuilleminBruce J Brew
Jun 21, 2008·The Journal of Physiology·Timothy S Kern, Alistair J Barber
May 8, 2010·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Carol K L LamTony K T Lam
Jul 19, 2011·Neurotoxicology and Teratology·R Lugo-HuitrónV Pérez-De La Cruz
Dec 14, 2011·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·Mohammadali AlmasiehAdriana Di Polo
Jan 31, 2012·Experimental Neurology·Gareth R HowellSimon W M John
Feb 21, 2013·Neuropharmacology·Christian KleinAyikoe G Mensah-Nyagan
Feb 26, 2014·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Brian M CampbellThomas Möller
Dec 3, 2014·Pharmacological Reports : PR·Waldemar A TurskiAndrzej K Siwicki
Sep 5, 2015·The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience·Jorge L Cueva VargasAdriana Di Polo
Jan 7, 2016·Nature·Tom BadenThomas Euler
Jan 20, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Masayuki NiwaAkira Hara
Apr 27, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Carlo BredaFlaviano Giorgini

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 27, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Michal FiedorowiczMario Damiano Toro
Jan 21, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Michele Dei CasRoberto Foschino
Feb 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Yi-Ching LoSheng-Nan Wu
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ruta ZulpaitePeter Schemmer
Jun 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Viviane Soares Souza LimaJuliana Mozer Sciani

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
genotyping
ELISA
gene knockout
blood drawn

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
ImageJ

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.