Lack of Signal for the Impact of Conotoxin Gene Diversity on Speciation Rates in Cone Snails

Systematic Biology
Mark A PhuongNicolas Puillandre

Abstract

Understanding why some groups of organisms are more diverse than others is a central goal in macroevolution. Evolvability, or the intrinsic capacity of lineages for evolutionary change, is thought to influence disparities in species diversity across taxa. Over macroevolutionary time scales, clades that exhibit high evolvability are expected to have higher speciation rates. Cone snails (family: Conidae,

gt;$900 spp.) provide a unique opportunity to test this prediction because their toxin genes can be used to characterize differences in evolvability between clades. Cone snails are carnivorous, use prey-specific venom (conotoxins) to capture prey, and the genes that encode venom are known and diversify through gene duplication. Theory predicts that higher gene diversity confers a greater potential to generate novel phenotypes for specialization and adaptation. Therefore, if conotoxin gene diversity gives rise to varying levels of evolvability, conotoxin gene diversity should be coupled with macroevolutionary speciation rates. We applied exon capture techniques to recover phylogenetic markers and conotoxin loci across 314 species, the largest venom discovery effort in a single study. We paired a reconstructed timetree using 12 foss...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 23, 2019·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Paul ZahariasNicolas Puillandre
Apr 24, 2021·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Andrew W Wood, Thomas F Duda
Jul 8, 2021·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Alexander FedosovNicolas Puillandre

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